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 Pain is an uncomfortable sensation in the body. Kaempferol is a flavonoid with antinociceptive effects. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been characterized in the sensory system.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of manual lumbar decompression on pain, range of motion, and function in patients with acute vs chronic lumbar radiculopathy. Thirty patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria at Tehsil Headquarter Civil Hospital Daska were randomly placed into three groups: acute group (n=10), chronic group (n=10), and control group (n=10). Mean age of the participants was 33.3±8.5 years and the mean body mass index was 25.0±4.4. There were 12 males and 21 female participants. Group A and Group B were 18 treated with decompression, lumbar mobilisation, hot packs, TENS and exercise therapy, while the patients in Group C were treated with lumbar mobilisation, hot packs and exercise therapy. Total duration of the treatment was four weeks at three sessions per week and the outcomes were measured at baseline and at the completion of four-week treatment with Visual Analogue Scale, Modified Oswestry Disability index, Straight Leg Raise, and Inclinometer. Data was analysed by using SPSS version 25. One Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis Test were used to compare the means across the groups. It was concluded that manual lumbar decompression decreases pain, and increases range of motion and function in Group A (acute) as compared to Group B (chronic) and Group C (control).

Background and objective The antiemetic drug is one of the most common armamentariums in an anaesthesiologist's pharmacopoeia to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). PONV is one of the usual side effects after general anaesthesia, especially in female patients (21%) and after laparoscopic surgery (60%). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of ondansetron with ramosetron. Methodology After institutional ethical clearance and informed written consent, one hundred female patients scheduled for laparoscopic gynaecological surgeries were selected for this prospective, double-blinded, randomised interventional study. These patients were further subdivided into two equal groups (50 in groups R and O). Group R received ramosteron 0.3mg, and group O received ondansetron 8mg 30 minutes before the end of surgery. Patients were assessed between 0-2, 2-6, 6-12 and 12-24 hrs in the postoperative period. The primary objective of this study was to compare the effect of a single dose of ramosetron (0.3mg) with a single dose of ondansetron (8mg) for the prevention of PONV after general anaesthesia in laparoscopic surgeries. The secondary goal was to record the time of occurrence of the first episode of PONV, the need for rescue antiemetics, patient satisfaction scores, and to look for any side effects. Results This study shows no significant difference in the reduction of PONV incidence between group O and group R in the first 24 hours of the postoperative period. The overall incidence of PONV was significantly higher in the early postoperative (0-6 hrs) than in the late postoperative period (6-24 hrs), i.e., 51% and 13%, respectively. The requirement of rescue antiemetic was higher in group O than in group R but not statistically significant. In our study, both groups had similar patient satisfaction scores. Headache was the most common side effect and was noted in 9% of the patient population. Conclusion We conclude that ramosetron is as effective as ondansetron in preventing the incidence and severity of PONV up to 24 hours postoperatively.

The coronavirus pandemic has caused a devastating impact across the planet. Millions of lives lost and economic structures are struggling to remain afloat. Clinical effects of SARS CoV-2 virus include tiredness, fatigue, headache, cough, loss of appetite, fever, loss of sensations of taste, and smell as well as other respiratory difficulties. Pulmonary complications of coronavirus infections result in severe pneumonia with the final sequelae being sepsis, and end-stage respiratory failure. Further cardiovascular, neurological, hematological, and gastrointestinal complications build up to cause the demise of the immune system ultimately leading to death of the affected individual. The attack of the virus and the resultant reaction of the epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract have been in the limelight of most studies pertaining to the pandemic. However, a lesser number of studies have detailed the muscular and osseous pathologies that appear post-coronavirus infection. Inflammation post-infection, across the organ systems, may appear as a link to bone and joint pathology. Myalgia is a typical COVID-19 infection symptom. On the contrary, other musculoskeletal signs have very seldom been reported. Multimodality imaging techniques stand a chance at showing the diagnosis and the degree of follow-up after evaluation. Apart from myalgia, there are cases of arthralgia, myopathies, and neuropathies. According to numerous reports, there is the possibility of a link between the current drug regimen used to treat the SARS-CoV-2 infection and the musculoskeletal manifestations observed. In this study, we aim to shed light on the coronavirus pandemic and its association to various musculoskeletal manifestations, provide a different perspective of the infected patients, and address the major points that a clinician must take care while administering care to the patient. We will also address the present treatment in line with the various musculoskeletal symptoms observed.

The purpose of this study was to use ultrasonographic data to rule out and distinguish diseases that cause acute pelvic pain.

 Persistent headache attributed to past stroke (PHAPS) is a controversial entity, recently included in the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) despite being described only in retrospective studies.

To assess adverse effects post-vaccination in healthcare professionals in the first vaccinated group against coronavirus disease-2019.

Background Recent work has examined an association between leg length discrepancy (LLD) and low back pain (LBP). Myofascial release (MFR) techniques are thought to be frequently applied in the treatment of chronic and acute LBP. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a practical measure of LLD and the feasibility of an MFR technique in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Methods In 12 subjects (seven women and five men) with acute LBP and LLD greater than 3 mm, an MFR technique was performed on the thoracolumbar fascia. At the baseline, after the intervention, and at follow-up, LLD was measured using a cross-line laser and finger-to-floor distance, and the pain was measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients completed a questionnaire after follow-up to assess the acceptability of the study procedure. The therapist evaluated the methods in terms of their feasibility. Results LLD measurement and MFR treatment required little time and few resources. Participants agreed to the study procedure with moderate to high acceptance. The LLD decreased by 5 mm after treatment and by 4 mm at follow-up. The VAS showed a reduction in pain of 17.50 mm at follow-up but not immediately after treatment. Conclusion The measurement of LLD is applicable in daily osteopathic practice, but it cannot be assumed to be a valid method for an RCT. Validated methods such as video raster stereography are, therefore, recommended. Comprehensive RCTs to study the effects of MFR intervention on leg length are feasible.

Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium concentration of less than 135 mEq/L. Severe hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium concentration of less than 125 mEq/L and is a life-threatening complication that must be managed promptly to avoid irreversible neurological damage. One particular cause of hyponatremia is the ingestion of recreational drugs, such as 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), also known as Ecstasy. Another drug with limited understanding of its adverse effects on specific individuals and is widely available to purchase legally is Kratom (). Here, we present the case of severe hyponatremia secondary to the ingestion of Kratom. Kratom is believed to act on various pain-modulating receptors and may explain its role in causing hyponatremia. Unfortunately, Kratom remains poorly understood and underreported. Our case illustrates the need for further in-depth studies to determine the complete toxic profile of Kratom, providing awareness to clinicians in anticipation of severe complications that may develop.

Hypocalcemia is a rather uncommon condition that may be encountered in the outpatient setting. It may be associated with a wide range of clinical symptoms and signs. It is unclear that the primary cause of symptom is hypocalcemia, as these symptoms are usually discrete and ambiguous. Signs of muscle cramp and tetany are considered the expressions of overexcitability of peripheral nerves or central nervous system in case of hypocalcemia in the nerve. In this case, we present a 59-year-old female who presented with persistent muscle cramp and pain of both upper and lower extremities and underwent an investigation that revealed electromyographic changes due to hypocalcemia during an electromyographic study.