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Saccades accompanied by normal gain in video head impulse tests (vHIT) are often observed in patients with vestibular migraine (VM). However, they are not considered as an independent indicator, reducing their utility in diagnosing VM. To better understand clinical features of VM, it is necessary to understand raw saccades data.

Metronidazole is an antibiotic commonly prescribed for anaerobic and protozoan infections. Despite its good safety profile, this drug frequently causes a series of well-known side effects (nausea and intestinal transit disorders, dysgeusia, headaches, and alcohol intolerance). However, there are few data in the literature, mainly case reports and case series, about the onset of peripheral neuropathy with a generally self-limiting course after drug withdrawal. Thus, we herein describe two cases of peripheral neuropathy due to treatment with metronidazole. A 69-year-old woman treated with a total of 55 g of metronidazole for diverticular disease and a 52-year-old male patient on a long course of antibiotic therapy for hepatic abscesses (a cumulative dose of 168 g) developed peripheral neuropathy. The suspicion of metronidazole side effects was raised after the exclusion of other causes. After the suspension of the drug, different degrees of improvement were observed. Metronidazole is an effective antibiotic for treating infections caused by anaerobic or protozoan pathogens, and it has a good pharmacological and economic safety profile. However, in the existing literature, prolonged therapy regimens (>4 weeks of treatment and/or 42 g cumulative dose) may increase the risk of developing neurological complications, in particular peripheral polyneuropathy.

A middle-aged female presented with lower abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting and was admitted to the acute hospital. She was thoroughly investigated and treated presumably as having a urinary tract infection. However, she was admitted again shortly after discharge with persistent symptoms. A careful evaluation and review were done, and she was diagnosed with nutcracker syndrome based on the clinical assessment, computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound (US) findings.

To assess the clinical outcome of endoscopic septoturbinal surgeries in patients with rhinogenic contact point headache. Retrospective audit of medical records. Retrospective audit of medical records of patients having undergone endoscopic surgical management for contact point headache between a period of May 2017 to May 2018 were included in the study. Patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery were excluded from the study. Pre operative pain score were compared with post operative pain score at interval of 1 month for 3 months consequently and at 1 year interval using Visual Analog scale (VAS). The difference between preoperative (mean 6.82) and post operative VAS pain scores after 1 month (mean 3.36), 2 months (mean 4.50), 3 months (mean 5.48), 1 year (mean 5.01) was statistically significant (< 0.001). Contact point headache is an important clinical entity that might be missed during evaluation and management of refractory headache. Surgical management under endoscopic guidance can help to ensure removal of mucosal contact point and aid in the treatment of refractory headache as noted in our study.

The purpose of this case report was to benefit the clinical recognition and conservative management of giant cell arteritis (GCA) in temporal arteries associated with jaw claudication. Giant cell arteritis is a systemic inflammatory vasculitis that affects medium-to-large-sized arteries. Primarily affecting arteries in heads, especially in temples, chronic GCA can result in secondary headaches and even polymyalgia rheumatica. This is a case report of a 68-year-old female with a 10-year history of GCA. The patient presented jaw claudication, headache, and joint stiffness over 6 months. The left palpable superficial temporal artery was thickened and tendered. A full-spine radiograph revealed uneven shoulders, imbalanced jaws, and moderate lumbar scoliosis. After nine months with conservative management, the patient was completely recovered from the symptoms with significantly improved radiographic parameters. Patients with GCA can present with jaw claudication. Physiotherapy and chiropractic collaborations are options for patients with GCA who suffer from the chronic adverse effect of medicines. Clinicians should be aware of the common clinical findings associated with GCA when rehabilitation treatment is planned.

Pleural effusion is the accumulation of extra fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs, also known as water on the lungs. Pleura are thin membranes that lubricate and aid breathing by lining the lungs and the inside of the chest cavity. The pleural space typically contains only a few teaspoons of watery fluid, which enables the lungs to move easily inside the chest cavity when breathing. Several barriers limited the patient's capacity to carry out daily activities successfully and efficiently. Loculated effusions are most frequently associated with diseases such as empyema, hemothorax, or tuberculosis that result in severe pleural inflammation. Hence, a physiotherapy program is started to help improve the patient's symptoms. A 59-year-old male presented to the hospital with the chief complaint of left-sided chest pain, fever, and breathlessness. On the Modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, breathlessness was grade 3.

A healthy 25-year-old primiparous woman had an uncomplicated pregnancy and spontaneous vaginal delivery with mediolateral episiotomy. Twenty-four hours postpartum, she developed increasing perineal pain and swelling. Initial examination showed a localized erythema and tissue oedema at the episiotomy site. The woman was admitted to hospital for management of the infected hematoma at the site of the episiotomy. Thereafter, she was started on intravenous antibiotics, and exploration under anaesthesia was planned. The woman's medical condition deteriorated rapidly, and necrotizing fasciitis (NF) was strongly suspected. Therefore, aggressive medical and surgical management was undertaken, including broader-spectrum antibiotics and multiple surgical debridement. A biopsy of the debrided tissue showed acantholysis and dyskeratosis, which are features of Hailey-Hailey disease of the skin (familial benign chronic pemphigus), a rare condition. The woman eventually had a V-Y advancement fascial flap and made a complete recovery. In this case report, the details of the development of NF in a woman who was found to have Hailey-Hailey disease are discussed.

This study aimed to identify potential safety signals and adverse events following the primary Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination series among children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years in the Republic of Korea.

The aims of this study were to translate the pain catastrophizing scale for children and parents (PCS-C and PCS-P) into Turkish (TurPCS-C and TurPCS-P) and evaluate the psychometric properties in children with primary headache.

Although several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported the efficacy of scrambler therapy (ST) for the management of chronic pain, those findings remain inconsistent.